New neighborhood based rough sets

Neighborhood based rough sets are important generalizations of the classical rough sets of Pawlak, as neighborhood operators generalize equivalence classes. In this article, we introduce nine neighborhood based operators and we study the partial order relations between twenty-two different neighborhood operators obtained from one covering. Seven neighborhood operators result in new rough set approximation operators. We study how these operators are related to the other fifteen neighborhood based approximation operators in terms of partial order relations, as well as to seven non-neighborhood-based rough set approximation operators

Biomimetic synthesis of struvite with biogenic morphology and implication for pathological biomineralization

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STAT2*C related genotypes and allele but not TLR4 and CD40 gene polymorphisms are associated with higher susceptibility for asthma

[[abstract]]Objective: Asthma is caused by a complex interaction between multiple genes and environmental factors. Herein we aimed to investigate whether signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT2), toll-like receptors 4 (TLRs4) and CD40-related polymorphisms are associated with asthma susceptibility. Design: Children were divided: (1) asthma (n=117); (2) normal controls (n=60). The polymorphisms of STAT2, TLR4 and CD40 polymorphism were analyzed by PCR-RFLP genotyping. Genotypes, allelic frequencies and association of haplotypes in both groups were compared. Results: STAT2*C related genotypes, but not TLR4 and CD40 polymorphism, are associated with higher susceptibility for asthma. Distributions of STAT2*CC/CG/GG and C/G allele in both groups are: (1) 0/11.1/88.9% and 5.6/94.4%; (2) 0/1.7/98.3% and 0.8/99.2% (p<0.05). Proportions of TLR4*rs10983755 AA/AG/GG and rs1927914 CC/CT/TT homozygote are: (1) 35.1/8.5/56.4% and 9.4/56.4/34.2%; (2) 35/8.3/56.7% and 16.7/48.3/35% (non-difference). Proportions of CD40*rs1883832 CC/CT/TT, rs3765459 AA/AG/GG, and rs4810485 TT/GT/GG are: (1) 29.9/53/17.1%, 6.8/47.9/45.3 and 18.8/62.4/18.8%; (2) 36.7/41.7/21.6%, 1.6/46.7/51.7 and 15/51.7/33.3% (non-difference). Haplotype analyses for TLR4 and CD40 genes revealed their non-association and non-additional effect upon asthma susceptibilities. Conclusion: STAT2*C related genotypes and alleles are associated with asthma susceptibilities and pathogenesis. There were non-association and non-additional effects of TLR4/CD40 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes upon asthma risk

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) promoter-1394*T-related genotype, but not XRCC4 codon 247/intron 3 or xeroderma pigmentosum group D codon 312, 751/promoter-114, polymorphisms are correlated with higher susceptibility to myoma

[[abstract]]Objective: To investigate whether the DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), could be useful markers for predicting leiomyoma susceptibility. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Departments of gynecology and genetics in medical center. Patient(s): Women were divided into leiomyoma (n = 120) and nonleiomyoma groups (n = 112). Intervention(s): XRCC4 (codon 247, promoter-1394, intron 3) and XPD (codon 312, codon 75 1, promoter - 114) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with restriction enzyme digestions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Genotypes and allelic frequencies in both groups were compared. Result(s): XRCC4 promoter - 1394*T-related genotype/alleles were associated with higher susceptibility of leiomyoma. Proportions of XRCC4 promoter -1394*T homozygote/heterozygote/G homozygote and T/G alleles were [1] 91.7%/6.7%/1.7% and 95%/5% and [2] 79.4%/17.9%/2.7% and 88.4%/11.6%, respectively. Five other single nucleotide polymorphisms were not correlated with leiomyoma susceptibilities. Proportions of XRCC4 codon 247*CC/CA/AA and XRCC4 intron 3*Pi/ID/DD were [1] 95%/50%/0% and 72.5%/23.3%/4.2% and [2] 97.3%/2.7%/0 and 70.5%/24.1%/5.4%. Proportions of XPD codon 312*GG/GA/AA, XPD codon 75 1 *TT/TG/ GG, and XPD promoter -114*GG/GC/CC were [1] 65%/22.5%/12.5%, 92.5%/6.7%/0.8%, and 22.5%/46.7%/ 30.8%; and [2] 64.3%/22.3%/13.4%,92%/7.1%/0.9%, and 23.2%/46.4%/30.4%. Conclusion(s): XRCC4 promoter -1394*T-related genotype/alleles are associated with higher susceptibility of leiomyoma, whereas XRCC4 codon 247, XRCC4 intron 3, XPD codon 312, XPD codon 75 1, and XPD promoter - 114 polymorphisms are not correlated with its development

Rapid detection of adulterated drugs in herbal dietary supplements by wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

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Influence of the dimensions of spheroniser plate protuberances on the production of pellets by extrusion-spheronisation

This study systematically investigated the influence of the dimensions of square-patterned pyramidal protuberances on a spheronisation plate on pellet yield, size and shape distributions, surface tensile strength and surface morphology was investigated using a 45 wt% microcrystalline cellulose/ water paste. Tests were conducted using four different extrudate diameters (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm) generated by screen extrusion and seven plate geometries, including a flat plate as a control, allowing the relative size of extrudate to protuberance feature to be studied. Geometrical analyses of the protuberance shapes provide some insight into the observed differences, with protuberance angle being significant in many cases. Sharper protuberances reduced yield (promoting breakage and attrition) but tended to give narrower size distributions and more uneven pellet surface. Pellet yield for 1 mm extrudates was also subject to losses caused by fragments passing through the 1.0 mm gap between the plate and spheroniser wall. Pellet tensile strength was noticeably greater for 1.0 mm diameter extrudates, which is attributed to the greater extensional strain imparted on the paste during the extrusion step. For some geometries there is an optimal ratio of extrudate to protuberance dimensions

A study of Pt4+ -adsorption and its reduction by Bacillus megaterium D01

The properties of Pt4+-adsorption and its reduction by Bacillus megaterium D01 were studied by means of ICP, anode-stripping voltammetry, TEM, IR and XPS. The results of ICP analyses showed that the Pt4+-adsorptive efficiency of the strain D01 was as high as 94.3% under the conditions of 100 mg Pt4+/L, 1 g biomass/L, pH 3.5 and at 30 degreesC for 24 h. Moreover, it was confirmed from anode stripping voltammetry that the strain D01 possessed a strong reducibility. The TEM analysis indicated that the strain D01 was able to adsorb and reduce Pt4+ to Pt-0, small particles. The XPS result further supported the reduction of Pt4+ to Pt2+, followed by the further recuction to Pt-0. The IR spectrum implied that D01 biomass adsorption of Pt4+ may result in the complexation of the C = O bond to the Pt species

Representative Set of Objects in Rough Sets Based on Galois Connections

This paper introduces a novel definition, called representative set of objects of a decision class, in the framework of decision systems based on rough sets. The idea behind such a notion is to consider subsets of objects that characterize the different classes given by a decision system. Besides the formal definition of representative set of objects of a decision class, we present different mathematical properties of such sets and a relationship with classification tasks based on rough sets. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Ordered Information Systems and Graph Granulation

The concept of an Information System, as used in Rough Set theory, is extended to the case of a partially ordered universe equipped with a set of order preserving attributes. These information systems give rise to partitions of the universe where the set of equivalence classes is partially ordered. Such ordered partitions correspond to relations on the universe which are reflexive and transitive. This correspondence allows the definition of approximation operators for an ordered information system by using the concepts of opening and closing from mathematical morphology. A special case of partial orders are graphs and hypergraphs and these provide motivation for the need to consider approximations on partial orders